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In (automotive) vehicle dynamics, slip is the relative motion between a tire and the road surface it is moving on. This slip can be generated either by the tire's rotational speed being greater or less than the free-rolling speed (usually described as percent slip), or by the tire's plane of rotation being at an angle to its direction of motion (referred to as slip angle).
Slip ratio is a means of calculating and expressing the slipping behavior of the wheel of an automobile.It is of fundamental importance in the field of vehicle dynamics, as it allows to understand the relationship between the deformation of the tire and the longitudinal forces (i.e. the forces responsible for forward acceleration and braking) acting upon it.
Stiffness is the extent to which an object resists deformation in response to an applied force. [ 1 ] The complementary concept is flexibility or pliability: the more flexible an object is, the less stiff it is.
In physics, Hooke's law is an empirical law which states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance—that is, F s = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring (i.e., its stiffness), and x is small compared to the total possible deformation of the spring.
In vehicle dynamics, slip angle [1] or sideslip angle [2] is the angle between the direction in which a wheel is pointing and the direction in which it is actually traveling (i.e., the angle between the forward velocity vector and the vector sum of wheel forward velocity and lateral velocity , as defined in the image to the right).
In this case, the equation governing the beam's deflection can be approximated as: = () where the second derivative of its deflected shape with respect to (being the horizontal position along the length of the beam) is interpreted as its curvature, is the Young's modulus, is the area moment of inertia of the cross-section, and is the internal ...
A model of Melde's experiment: an electric vibrator connected to a cable drives a pulley that suspends a mass that causes tension in the cable.
Plot showing lateral force building up as a bicycle tire rolls forward at a 2.4º slip angle. The results from three separate test runs are superimposed. Relaxation length is a property of pneumatic tires that describes the delay between when a slip angle is introduced and when the cornering force reaches its steady-state value. [1]