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Often used synonymously with health economics, medical economics, according to Culyer, [31] is the branch of economics concerned with the application of economic theory to phenomena and problems associated typically with the second and third health market outlined above: physician and institutional service providers. Typically, however, it ...
Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM), previously called industrial medicine, [1] [a] is a board certified medical specialty under the American Board of Preventative Medicine that specializes in the prevention and treatment of work-related illnesses and injuries. [2] OEM physicians are trained in both clinical medicine and public health ...
New York State Department of Health Code, Section 405, also known as the Libby Zion Law, is a regulation that limits the amount of resident physicians' work in New York State hospitals to roughly 80 hours per week. [1] The law was named after Libby Zion, the daughter of author Sidney Zion, who died in 1984 at the age of 18.
Restrictions on the hours of work and the ages of workers followed, with worker demands for time off increasing, but modern office work retains traces of expectations of sustained, concentrated work, even in affluent societies. Forms of work take on changes over time in response to technological and societal changes. [7]
Work is a defined social determinant of health, meaning that the conditions at work are a key aspect in determining the health of an individual. [41] This was demonstrated notably during the COVID-19 pandemic when members of the essential workforce were exposed to a much higher risk of the disease by the necessity of being at work. [ 42 ]
Medical social work is a sub-discipline of social work that addresses social components of medicine. [1] Medical social workers typically work in a hospital, outpatient clinic, community health agency, skilled nursing facility, long-term care facility or hospice. They work with patients and their families in need of psychosocial help.
Health policy can be defined as the "decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a society". [1] According to the World Health Organization, an explicit health policy can achieve several things: it defines a vision for the future; it outlines priorities and the expected roles of different groups; and it builds consensus and informs people.
An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge, taught and researched as part of higher education.A scholar's discipline is commonly defined by the university faculties and learned societies to which they belong and the academic journals in which they publish research.