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A Stirling engine can function in reverse as a heat pump for heating or cooling. Other uses include combined heat and power, solar power generation, Stirling cryocoolers, heat pump, marine engines, low power model aircraft engines, [90] and low temperature difference engines.
A low-temperature-difference Stirling engine, shown here running on the heat from a warm hand A low temperature difference ( LTD , or Low Delta T (LDT) ) Stirling engine will run on any low-temperature differential, for example, the difference between the palm of a hand and room temperature, or room temperature and an ice cube.
Animation of the Low Temperature Difference Stirling engine. Ivo Kolin (1924, Zagreb - 2007, Zagreb) was a Croatian economist, engineer and inventor. [1]After years of experimentation he demonstrated in 1983 the first Low Temperature Difference (LTD) Stirling engine which ran at the temperature difference as low as 15 °C, astonishingly low at the time. [2]
He has designed and created motors which had previously been conceived only theoretically, such as a low temperature difference Stirling engine which works on heat at the tip of the hand. [4] These motors, besides spurring engineer's imagination [ 5 ] have also been followed up by some companies selling products based on these Ridder's design.
NASA patented a type of solar-powered Stirling engine on August 3, 1976. It used solar energy to pump water from a river, lake, or stream. [1] The purpose of this apparatus is to “provide a low-cost, low-technology pump having particular utility in irrigation systems employed in underdeveloped arid regions of the earth…[using] the basic principles of the Stirling heat engine“.
External combustion engines can run on any high-temperature heat source. These engines include the Stirling engine, hot "gas" turbocharger, and the steam engine. Both range from 10%-20% efficiency, and as of 2014, small quantities are in production for micro-CHP products.
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