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  2. Spice trade - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_trade

    The spice trade involved historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. Spices, such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, nutmeg, star anise, clove, and turmeric, were known and used in antiquity and traded in the Eastern World. [1] These spices found their way into the Near East before the beginning of the Christian ...

  3. Seljuk Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_Empire

    The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, [13][a] was a high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, established and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. [16][17] The empire spanned a total area of 3.9 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles) from Anatolia and the Levant in the west to the Hindu Kush in ...

  4. Seljuk dynasty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seljuk_dynasty

    The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids [1] [2] (/ ˈ s ɛ l dʒ ʊ k / SEL-juuk; Persian: سلجوقیان Saljuqian, [3] alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, [4] Seljuk Turkomans [5] or the Saljuqids, [6] was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture [7] [8] in West Asia and Central Asia.

  5. Great Seljuk architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Seljuk_architecture

    Great Seljuk architecture, or simply Seljuk architecture, [a] refers to building activity that took place under the Great Seljuk Empire (11th–12th centuries). The developments of this period contributed significantly to the architecture of Iran, the architecture of Central Asia, and that of nearby regions. It introduced innovations such as ...

  6. Laluan Penarikan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laluan_Penarikan

    The economically important Silk Road (red) and spice trade routes (blue) were blocked by the Seljuk Empire c. 1090, triggering the Crusades, and by the Ottoman Empire c. 1453, which spurred the Age of Discovery and European Colonialism.

  7. Ahmad Sanjar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Sanjar

    Ahmad Sanjar (Persian: احمد سنجر; full name: Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah [3]) (6 November 1086 – 8 May 1157) [4] was the Seljuq ruler of Khorasan from 1097 until 1118, [5] when he became the Sultan of the Seljuq Empire, which he ruled until his death in 1157.

  8. Military history of the Crusader states - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_the...

    The Seljuk–Crusader war began when the First Crusade wrested territory from the Seljuk Turks during the Siege of Nicaea in 1097 and lasted until 1128 when Zengi became atabeg of Aleppo. At the latter date, the chief threat to the Crusaders from the east and north became the Zengids. The conflict was generally fought between European Crusaders ...

  9. Malik-Shah I - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik-Shah_I

    Malik-Shah I (Persian: ملک شاه) was the third sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached the zenith of its power and influence. [3] Miniature of Malik-Shah I. During his youth, he spent his time participating in the campaigns of his father Alp Arslan, along with the latter's vizier Nizam al-Mulk.