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  2. Euro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro

    Euro. The euro (symbol: €; currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the 27 member states of the European Union. This group of states is officially known as the euro area or, more commonly, the eurozone. The euro is divided into 100 euro cents. [6][7]

  3. Eurozone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurozone

    6.5% (February 2024) [6] Trade balance. €310 billion trade surplus [7] The euro area, [8] commonly called the eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 20 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies. The 20 eurozone members are:

  4. Money supply - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply

    United Kingdom. M4 money supply of the United Kingdom 1984–2024. In thousand millions (billions) of pounds sterling. There are just two official UK measures. M0 is referred to as the "wide monetary base " or "narrow money" and M4 is referred to as "broad money" or simply "the money supply".

  5. European debt crisis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_debt_crisis

    The European debt crisis, often also referred to as the eurozone crisis or the European sovereign debt crisis, was a multi-year debt crisis that took place in the European Union (EU) from 2009 until the mid to late 2010s. Several eurozone member states (Greece, Portugal, Ireland and Cyprus) were unable to repay or refinance their government ...

  6. European Central Bank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Central_Bank

    Wim Duisenberg, first President of the ECB. The European Central Bank is the de facto successor of the European Monetary Institute (EMI). [7] The EMI was established at the start of the second stage of the EU's Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) to handle the transitional issues of states adopting the euro and prepare for the creation of the ECB and European System of Central Banks (ESCB). [7]

  7. International status and usage of the euro - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_status_and...

    The international status and usage of the euro has grown since its launch in 1999. When the euro formally replaced 12 currencies on 1 January 2002, it inherited their use in territories such as Montenegro and replaced minor currencies tied to pre-euro currencies, such as in Monaco. Four small states have been given a formal right to use the ...

  8. Eurosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurosystem

    The Eurosystem is the monetary authority of the eurozone, the collective of European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency. The European Central Bank (ECB) has, under Article 16 of its Statute, [1] the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but ...

  9. European System of Central Banks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_System_of_Central...

    v. t. e. The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) is an institution that comprises the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks (NCBs) of all 27 member states of the European Union (EU). [1] Its objective is to ensure price stability throughout the EU, and improve monetary and financial cooperation between eurozone and non ...