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Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor). Complete or partial dislocation from the orbit is also possible from trauma or ...
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a type of eye disorder characterized by slowly progressive inability to move the eyes and eyebrows. [1] It is often the only feature of mitochondrial disease, in which case the term CPEO may be given as the diagnosis.
There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the
Similar to von Graefe's sign, it is observed in people with Graves-Basedow disease, a type of hyperthyroidism. In this disease, the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and the soft tissues surrounding the eyes. As a result, the eyes are often pushed forward in the eye sockets, a condition known as exophthalmos.
In mild disease, patients present with eyelid retraction. In fact, upper eyelid retraction is the most common ocular sign of Graves' orbitopathy. This finding is associated with lid lag on infraduction (Von Graefe's sign), eye globe lag on supraduction (Kocher's sign), a widened palpebral fissure during fixation (Dalrymple's sign) and an incapacity of closing the eyelids completely ...
Differential diagnosis Graves-Basedow disease Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter is a medical sign characterized by spasm of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle with retraction of the upper lid (so that sclera is visible above cornea ) seen in Graves-Basedow disease which, together with exophthalmos causes the bulging eyes appearance.
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes H00-H59 within Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa should be included in this category. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diseases and disorders of the eye and adnexa .
Stellwag's sign is a sign of infrequent or incomplete blinking associated with exophthalmos or Graves orbitopathy. It is accompanied by Dalrymple's sign, which is a retraction of the upper eyelids resulting in an apparent widening of the palpebral opening. Stellwag's sign is named after Austrian ophthalmologist Karl Stellwag von Carion.