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Longwave radiation at the surface (both outward and inward) is mainly measured by pyrgeometers. A most notable ground-based network for monitoring surface long-wave radiation is the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), which provides crucial well-calibrated measurements for studying global dimming and brightening. [38]
When 1361 W/m 2 is arriving above the atmosphere (when the Sun is at the zenith in a cloudless sky), direct sun is about 1050 W/m 2, and global radiation on a horizontal surface at ground level is about 1120 W/m 2. [36] The latter figure includes radiation scattered or reemitted by the atmosphere and surroundings.
Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) is a project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment and as such is aimed detecting important changes in the Earth's radiation field at the Earth's surface which may be related to climate changes.
In electromagnetic radiation (such as microwaves from an antenna, shown here) the term "radiation" applies only to the parts of the electromagnetic field that radiate into infinite space and decrease in intensity by an inverse-square law of power so that the total radiation energy that crosses through an imaginary spherical surface is the same ...
A pyranometer (from Greek πῦρ (pyr) 'fire' and ἄνω (ano) 'above, sky') is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar irradiance on a planar surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m 2) from the hemisphere above within a wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm.
The IPCC reports an outgoing thermal radiation flux (OLR) of 239 (237–242) W m-2 and a surface thermal radiation flux (SLR) of 398 (395–400) W m-2, where the parenthesized amounts indicate the 5-95% confidence intervals as of 2015. These values indicate that the atmosphere (with clouds included) reduces Earth's overall emissivity, relative ...
In radiometry, irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area. The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (symbol W⋅m −2 or W/m 2).The CGS unit erg per square centimetre per second (erg⋅cm −2 ⋅s −1) is often used in astronomy.
If the surface of the enclosure is approximated as gray and diffuse surface, and so the above equation can be written as after the analytical procedure + = (, ′) [(′) + (′) (′)] where is the black body emissive power which is given as the function of temperature of the black body = where is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant.