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According to the model, a development strategy must then also be based on income growth and income inequality. [1] [2] The Poverty-Growth-Inequality Triangle model was created by François Bourguignon, the former Chief Economist (2003-2007) of the World Bank.
LED in South Africa: pro-poor vs. pro-growth [ edit ] Many LED interventions in South Africa have taken a direct pro-poor intervention, leading to questions regarding whether this approach is more effective in terms of poverty relief than the spin-offs of more pro-growth focused endeavours.
The Ansoff matrix is a strategic planning tool that provides a framework to help executives, senior managers, and marketers devise strategies for future business growth. [1] It is named after Russian American Igor Ansoff , an applied mathematician and business manager, who created the concept.
The theory is generally associated with Hirschman. He presented a complete theoretical formulation of the strategy. Underdeveloped countries display common characteristics: low levels of GNI per capita and slow GNI per capita growth, large income inequalities and widespread poverty, low levels of productivity, great dependence on agriculture, a backward industrial structure, a high proportion ...
Development economics is a branch of economics that deals with economic aspects of the development process in low- and middle- income countries. Its focus is not only on methods of promoting economic development, economic growth and structural change but also on improving the potential for the mass of the population, for example, through health, education and workplace conditions, whether ...
The first use of second-wave strategies was in the late 1960s [8] and early 70s. [1] In second-wave economic development, practitioners began to use strategies to retain and expand existing firms. They also included a focus on small business development [2] through entrepreneurial tools like loans and enterprise zones. [9]
This is the least effective of the four strategies. It is without direction or focus. Miles, Snow et al. (1978) have identified three reasons why organizations become reactors: Top management may not have clearly articulated the organization's strategy. Management does not fully shape the organization's structure and processes to fit a chosen ...
Similarly, business failures and stock market prices tend to be countercyclical. In finance, an asset that tends to do well while the economy as a whole is doing poorly is referred to as countercyclical, and could be for example a business or a financial instrument whose value is derived from sales of an inferior good.