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  2. Cardiac muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle

    Cardiac muscle cells (also called cardiomyocytes) are the contractile myocytes of the cardiac muscle. The cells are surrounded by an extracellular matrix produced by supporting fibroblast cells. Specialised modified cardiomyocytes known as pacemaker cells , set the rhythm of the heart contractions.

  3. Muscle cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_cell

    Diagram of skeletal muscle fiber structure. Skeletal muscle cells are the individual contractile cells within a muscle and are more usually known as muscle fibers because of their longer threadlike appearance. [10] Broadly there are two types of muscle fiber performing in muscle contraction, either as slow twitch or fast twitch .

  4. Cardiomyocyte proliferation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyocyte_proliferation

    In the intrauterine environment, cardiomyocytes have limited exposure to oxygen and little damage from reactive oxygen species. At the same time, cardiomyocytes are proliferating in utero. When neonatal mice were exposed to a hypoxic environment after ischemic heart damage, the cardiomyocytes are encouraged to enter mitosis and proliferate. [31]

  5. Bundle of His - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundle_of_His

    The bundle of His (BH) [1]: 58 or His bundle (HB) [1]: 232 (/ h ɪ s / "hiss" [2]) is a collection of heart muscle cells specialized for electrical conduction.As part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, it transmits the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node (located between the atria and the ventricles) to the point of the apex of the fascicular branches via the ...

  6. T-tubule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-tubule

    T-tubules (transverse tubules) are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.With membranes that contain large concentrations of ion channels, transporters, and pumps, T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration.

  7. Intercalated disc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercalated_disc

    Intercalated discs are complex structures that connect adjacent cardiac muscle cells.The three types of cell junction recognised as making up an intercalated disc are desmosomes, fascia adherens junctions, and gap junctions.

  8. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

    Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.

  9. Sinoatrial node - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinoatrial_node

    Figure 2: Low magnification stained image of the SA node (center-right on image) and its surrounding tissue. The SA node surrounds the sinoatrial nodal artery, seen as the open lumen. Cardiac muscle cells of the right atrium can be seen to the left of the node, and fat tissue to the right.

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