Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Vertical bars denote the absolute value only for algebraic objects for which the notion of an absolute value is defined, notably an element of a normed division algebra, for example a real number, a complex number, or a quaternion.
The standard absolute value on the integers. The standard absolute value on the complex numbers.; The p-adic absolute value on the rational numbers.; If R is the field of rational functions over a field F and () is a fixed irreducible polynomial over F, then the following defines an absolute value on R: for () in R define | | to be , where () = () and ((), ()) = = ((), ()).
The vertical bar is used as a mathematical symbol in numerous ways. If used as a pair of brackets, it suggests the notion of the word "size". These are: absolute value: | |, read "the absolute value of x" [2] cardinality: | |, read "the cardinality of the set S" or "the length of a string S"
The norm of a vector is represented with double bars on both sides of the vector. The norm of a vector v can be represented as: ‖ ‖ The norm is also sometimes represented with single bars, like | |, but this can be confused with absolute value (which is a type of norm).
The absolute value | | is a norm on the vector space formed by the real or complex numbers. The complex numbers form a one-dimensional vector space over themselves and a two-dimensional vector space over the reals; the absolute value is a norm for these two structures.
When two sets, and , have the same cardinality, it is usually written as | | = | |; however, if referring to the cardinal number of an individual set , it is simply denoted | |, with a vertical bar on each side; [3] this is the same notation as absolute value, and the meaning depends on context.
For numbers, the absolute value of a number is commonly applied as the measure of units between a number and zero. In vector spaces, the Euclidean norm is a measure of magnitude used to define a distance between two points in space. In physics, magnitude can be defined as quantity or distance.
The distribution is called "folded" because probability mass to the left of x = 0 is folded over by taking the absolute value. In the physics of heat conduction, the folded normal distribution is a fundamental solution of the heat equation on the half space; it corresponds to having a perfect insulator on a hyperplane through the origin.