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  2. Dan (rank) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_(rank)

    There was still no external differentiation between yūdansha (black belt ranks) and mudansha (those who had not yet attained a dan grade). Different athletic departments within the Japanese school system were already using markers of rank, most notably in swimming, where advanced swimmers wore a black ribbon around their waists. [4]

  3. Ranks and insignia of the Japan Self-Defense Forces

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranks_and_insignia_of_the...

    The 1871–1945 Japanese military and naval ranks were phased out after World War II. The Self-Defence Force breaks away from the Sino-centric tradition of non-branch-specified ranks; each JSDF rank with respect to each service carries a distinct Japanese title, although equivalent titles in different branches are still similar, differing only ...

  4. Black belt (martial arts) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_belt_(martial_arts)

    In Japanese martial arts the further subdivisions of black belt ranks may be linked to dan grades and indicated by 'stripes' on the belt. Yūdansha (roughly translating from Japanese to "person who holds a dan grade") is often used to describe those who hold a black belt rank. While the belt remains black, stripes or other insignia may be added ...

  5. Category:Titles and rank in Japanese martial arts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Titles_and_rank...

    Articles on the various personal titles, rank, ranking systems, and related terms and concepts in Japanese martial arts. See also, Japanese titles . Pages in category "Titles and rank in Japanese martial arts"

  6. List of countries by number of military and paramilitary ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    As military forces around the world are constantly changing in size, no definitive list can ever be compiled. All of the 172 countries listed here, especially those with the highest number of total soldiers such as the two Koreas and Vietnam , include a large number of paramilitaries, civilians and policemen in their reserve personnel.

  7. Shotokan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotokan

    This system uses colored belts (obi) to indicate rank. Originally, karate had only three belt colors: white, brown, and black (with ranks within each). The original belt system, still used by many Shotokan schools, is: 8th rising to 4th kyū: white; 3rd rising to 1st kyū: brown; 1st and higher dan: black

  8. Red belt (martial arts) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_belt_(martial_arts)

    In Seiki Juku karate, a red belt denotes 10th Kyu, the lowest beginner rank. [5] In Shorinkan karate the red belt is the highest belt. In vovinam, the red belt is the highest master rank. In Kyokushin karate, as governed by the International Federation of Karate (IFK), a red belt denotes 10th and 9th kyu, the two lowest ranks after white belt ...

  9. Kyū - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyū

    In modern Japanese martial arts, kyū-level practitioners hold the ranks below dan or black belt. The kyū ranking system varies from art to art and school to school. In some arts, all the kyū -level practitioners wear white belts while in others different coloured belts, tags or stripes are used; in kendo for example the belt system is not used.