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Tobin's q [a] (or the q ratio, and Kaldor's v), is the ratio between a physical asset's market value and its replacement value. It was first introduced by Nicholas Kaldor in 1966 in his paper: Marginal Productivity and the Macro-Economic Theories of Distribution: Comment on Samuelson and Modigliani .
A markup rule is the pricing practice of a producer with market power, where a firm charges a fixed mark-up over its marginal cost. [ 1 ] [ page needed ] [ 2 ] [ page needed ] Derivation of the markup rule
Profit margin is calculated with selling price (or revenue) taken as base times 100. It is the percentage of selling price that is turned into profit, whereas "profit percentage" or "markup" is the percentage of cost price that one gets as profit on top of cost price. While selling something one should know what percentage of profit one will ...
The first quartile (Q 1) is defined as the 25th percentile where lowest 25% data is below this point. It is also known as the lower quartile. The second quartile (Q 2) is the median of a data set; thus 50% of the data lies below this point. The third quartile (Q 3) is the 75th percentile where
For a population, of discrete values or for a continuous population density, the k-th q-quantile is the data value where the cumulative distribution function crosses k/q. That is, x is a k-th q-quantile for a variable X if Pr[X < x] ≤ k/q or, equivalently, Pr[X ≥ x] ≥ 1 − k/q. and Pr[X ≤ x] ≥ k/q.
Current ratio vs. quick ratio vs. debt-to-equity Other measures of liquidity and solvency that are similar to the current ratio might be more useful, depending on the situation.
The lower quartile corresponds with the 25th percentile and the upper quartile corresponds with the 75th percentile, so IQR = Q 3 − Q 1 [1]. The IQR is an example of a trimmed estimator , defined as the 25% trimmed range , which enhances the accuracy of dataset statistics by dropping lower contribution, outlying points. [ 5 ]
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