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Coordinate systems in astronomy can specify an object's relative position in three-dimensional space or plot merely by its direction on a celestial sphere, if the object's distance is unknown or trivial. Spherical coordinates, projected on the celestial sphere, are analogous to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of Earth.
A number of different coordinate systems, each differing by a few degrees, were used until 1932, when Lund Observatory assembled a set of conversion tables that defined a standard galactic coordinate system based on a galactic north pole at RA 12 h 40 m, dec +28° (in the B1900.0 epoch convention) and a 0° longitude at the point where the ...
Galactic quadrants (NGQ/SGQ, 1–4) indicated vis-a-vis Galactic poles (NGP/SGP), Galactic Plane (containing galactic centre) and Galactic Coordinates Plane (containing our sun) Constellations grouped in galactic quadrants (N/S, 1–4) - this image depicts as a hollow concave face Constellations grouped in galactic quadrants (N/S, 1–4) - their approx divisions vis-a-vis celestial quadrants ...
Belt of icy objects surrounding the outer Solar System. Encompasses the dwarf planets Pluto, Haumea and Makemake. Cited distance is the 2:1 resonance with Neptune, generally regarded as the outer edge of the main Kuiper belt. [23] Heliosphere: 160 AU 2.39×10 10: Maximum extent of the solar wind and the interplanetary medium. [24] [25 ...
In 1958 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) decided to adopt the position of Sagittarius A as the true zero coordinate point for the system of galactic latitude and longitude. [11] In the equatorial coordinate system the location is: RA 17 h 45 m 40.04 s, Dec −29° 00′ 28.1″ (J2000 epoch).
Voids are particularly galaxy-poor regions of space between filaments, making up the large-scale structure of the universe. Some voids are known as supervoids . In the tables, z is the cosmological redshift , c the speed of light , and h the dimensionless Hubble parameter , which has a value of approximately 0.7 (the Hubble constant H 0 = h × ...
A reference frame has been defined as "a catalogue of the adopted coordinates of a set of reference objects that serves to define, or realize, a particular coordinate frame". [7] A reference system is a broader concept, encompassing "the totality of procedures, models and constants that are required for the use of one or more reference frames".
Its center of coordinates as the center of mass of the entire Solar System, its barycenter. It was created in 2000 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) to be the global standard reference system for objects located outside the gravitational vicinity of Earth : [ 1 ] planets, moons, and other Solar System bodies, stars and other objects ...