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In August 1914, former President of the United States William Howard Taft listed Japan and his country as the only two great powers uninvolved in World War I. [138] After its military victories against China (First Sino-Japanese War, and the later invasion of Manchuria) and Russia, the Japanese Empire was considered to be one of the major ...
The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of Europe. During much of the Modern Age, the balance was achieved by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contending for power, [1] which culminated in the World Wars of the early 20th century.
Russia – the dominant part of a former superpower, the Soviet Union, is now considered a potential superpower, and has historically been the primary geopolitical force in Eastern Europe. France , Germany , Italy , and the United Kingdom , collectively known as Big Four in Western Europe , as they play pivotal roles as part of the NATO Quint ...
A potential superpower is a sovereign state or other polity that is speculated to be or have the potential to become a superpower; a sovereign state or supranational union that holds a dominant position characterized by the ability to exert influence and project power on a global scale through economic, military, technological, political, or cultural means.
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own.
The country is a major contributor to the European Space Agency and the International Space Station. Italy's weakness and structural problems include internal political instability, a large public debt , [ 26 ] a diminishing economic productivity, [ 26 ] low economic growth, [ 27 ] especially in the last ten years, and a significant Centre ...
[52] [53] Some political scientists and other commentators have even suggested that such countries might simply be emerging powers, as opposed to potential superpowers. [54] The European Union has been called a "regulatory superpower" due to the Brussels effect. [55] [56] [57] The record of such predictions has not been perfect.
Empire size in this list is defined as the dry land area it controlled at the time, which may differ considerably from the area it claimed. For example: in the year 1800, European powers collectively claimed approximately 20% of the Earth's land surface that they did not effectively control. [8]