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Eosinophilia is a condition in which the eosinophil count in the peripheral blood exceeds 5 × 10 8 /L (500/μL). [1] Hypereosinophilia is an elevation in an individual's circulating blood eosinophil count above 1.5 × 10 9 /L (i.e. 1,500/μL).
Eosinopenia is a condition where the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in circulating blood is lower than normal. [1] Eosinophils are a type of granulocyte and consequently from the same cellular lineage as neutrophils, basophils, and mast cells.
Eosinophils are also involved in many other biological processes, including postpubertal mammary gland development, oestrus cycling, allograft rejection and neoplasia. [21] They have also been implicated in antigen presentation to T cells. [22] Eosinophils are responsible for tissue damage and inflammation in many diseases, including asthma.
Depending on eosinophil target-organ infiltration, the clinical presentation of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) varies from patient to patient. [13] Individuals with myeloproliferative variant HES may be more likely to experience mucosal ulcerations involving the genitalia or airways, while patients with lymphocytic variant HES typically exhibit prominent skin symptoms such as urticarial ...
When eosinophilic pneumonia is related to an illness such as cancer or parasitic infection, treatment of the underlying cause is effective in resolving the lung disease. When due to acute or chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, however, treatment with corticosteroids results in a rapid, dramatic resolution of symptoms over the course of one or two days.
Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare type of interstitial cystitis first reported in 1960 by Edwin Brown. [1] Eosinophilic cystitis has been linked to a number of etiological factors, including allergies , bladder tumors , trauma to the bladder, parasitic infections , and chemotherapy drugs , though the exact cause of the condition is still unknown.
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis consists of three stages, but not all patients develop all three stages or progress from one stage to the next in the same order; [7] whereas some patients may develop severe or life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal involvement and heart disease, some patients are only mildly affected, e.g. with skin lesions and nasal polyps. [8]
[5] [8] [10] [11] Secondary causes (i.e. disorders in which other diseases cause the eosinophil to become dysfunctional) include allergic and autoimmune diseases; infections due to certain parasitic worms, protozoa, and viruses; malignant and premalignant hematologic disorders commonly associated with eosinophilia or hypereosinophilia; and ...