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The core of the Sun is considered to extend from the center to about 0.2 of the solar radius (139,000 km; 86,000 mi). [1] It is the hottest part of the Sun and of the Solar System. It has a density of 150,000 kg/m 3 (150 g/cm 3) at the center, and a temperature of 15 million kelvins (15 million degrees Celsius; 27 million degrees Fahrenheit). [2]
The minimum temperature required for stellar hydrogen fusion exceeds 10 7 K (10 MK), while the density at the core of the Sun is over 100 g/cm 3. The core is surrounded by the stellar envelope, which transports energy from the core to the stellar atmosphere where it is radiated away into space. [1]
The core of the Sun extends from the center to about 20–25% of the solar radius. [60] It has a density of up to 150 g/cm 3 [61] [62] (about 150 times the density of water) and a temperature of close to 15.7 million kelvin (K). [62] By contrast, the Sun's surface temperature is about 5800 K.
The temperature of the umbra is roughly 3000–4500 K, in contrast to the surrounding material at about 5780 K, leaving sunspots clearly visible as dark spots. This is because the luminance of a heated black body (closely approximated by the photosphere) at these temperatures varies greatly with temperature.
This temperature is achieved in the cores of main-sequence stars with at least 1.3 times the mass of the Sun. [32] The Sun itself has a core temperature of about 1.57 × 10 7 K. [33]: 5 As a main-sequence star ages, the core temperature will rise, resulting in a steadily increasing contribution from its CNO cycle. [25]
The Sun's corona is much hotter (by a factor from 150 to 450) than the visible surface of the Sun: the corona's temperature is 1 to 3 million kelvin compared to the photosphere's average temperature – around 5 800 kelvin. The corona is far less dense than the photosphere, and produces about one-millionth as much visible light.
Temperature in °C compared to the thermodynamic scale in electron volts, ... 15.6 MK at Sun's core; 10–30–100 ... Celsius Degrees Fahrenheit Condition 100 K:
The effective temperature of the Sun (5778 kelvins) is the temperature a black body of the same size must have to yield the same total emissive power.. The effective temperature of a star is the temperature of a black body with the same luminosity per surface area (F Bol) as the star and is defined according to the Stefan–Boltzmann law F Bol = σT eff 4.