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30 January – The Federal Bank collapses, starting the Australian banking crisis of 1893. [1] 4 February – 1893 Brisbane flood devastates Queensland. [2] 14 June – Gold discovered at Kalgoorlie, Western Australia by Paddy Hannan and two others. Queensland is granted its Coat of Arms; Coolgardie and Esperance are both declared as towns
The 1891 Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Frame of Government for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand. There were 46 delegates at the Convention, chosen by the seven colonial parliaments. Among the delegates was Sir Henry Parkes, known as the "Father of ...
Residents of South Australia were staunchly opposed to federation in the mid-19th century due to the dominance of the colonies of Victoria and New South Wales in issues such as trade and tariffs, as well as a desire to keep unique elements of South Australia intact. [9]
Federalism was adopted, as a constitutional principle, in Australia on 1 January 1901. Relatively few changes have been made to the formal constitution since Australian federation occurred; in practice, however, the Commonwealth government has increasingly assumed a position of pre-eminence in many areas of governance through the acquisition and negotiation of additional powers and ...
The High Court of Australia played an instrumental role in the development and evolution of federalism in Australia. Since federation, the balance of power between levels of government has shifted substantially from the founders' vision. [5] The shift has transferred power from State governments to the Commonwealth government.
The Educational Institute of Scotland, the oldest teachers' trade union in the world, was founded. 1847 (United States) New Hampshire is first state to establish the ten-hour workday. [6] 1848 (United States) Pennsylvania's child labor law establishes the age of 12 as the minimum age for workers in commercial occupations. [6] 1848 (Germany)
However, the council was a weak non-executive, non-legislative federation of Western Australia, Fiji, Queensland, Tasmania and Victoria. The movement for full federation developed in the late 19th century, culminating in the six Australian colonies forming a federation of States. It was envisaged that New Zealand might also join.
The Corowa Conference was a meeting of Federationists, held in 1893 in the New South Wales border town of Corowa, which debated the proposed federation of Australian colonies. Although patchily attended and without any immediate consequence, the 'road map' to Federation devised at the Conference was ultimately highly influential.