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The Dutch have a long history of reclamation of marshes and fenland, resulting in some 3,000 polders [9] nationwide. About half the total surface area of polders in north-west Europe is in the Netherlands. The first embankments in Europe were constructed in Roman times. The first polders were constructed in the 11th century.
Aerial view of Flevopolder, the Netherlands Satellite image of Noordoostpolder, the Netherlands (595.41 km 2) A polder (Dutch pronunciation: ⓘ) is a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. The three types of polder are:
The first polder, Wieringermeer, was dammed in 1929 and fully drained in 1930. The third, the Noordoostpolder, was not fully drained until 1942. It was an area much used by the Dutch Underground resistance during World War II, as the fresh polder offered numerous hiding places.
Historical map of the Netherlands (1658) with the Zuyder Zee. The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee (Dutch: [ˌzœydərˈzeː] ⓘ; old spelling Zuyderzee or Zuyder Zee), historically called Lake Almere and Lake Flevo, was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands. It extended about 100 km (60 miles) inland and at most 50 km (30 ...
Further drainage could only be accomplished after the development of the polder windmill in the 15th century. The wind-driven water pump has become one of the trademark tourist attractions of the Netherlands. The first drainage mills using a scoop wheel could raise water at most 1.5 m. By combining mills the pumping height could be increased.
Map of the Netherlands in Europe Relief map of the Netherlands in Europe. The geography of the European Netherlands is unusual in that much of its land has been reclaimed from the sea and is below sea level, protected by dikes. It is a small country with a total area of 41,545 km 2 (16,041 sq mi) [1] and ranked 131st.
Beemster (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbeːmstər] ⓘ) is a former municipality in the Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. The Beemster is the first polder in the Netherlands reclaimed from a lake, the water extracted by windmills between 1609 and 1612. The original well-ordered landscape of fields, roads, canals, and dykes has been ...
The Flevopolder is an island polder forming the bulk of Flevoland, a province of the Netherlands. Created by land reclamation, its northeastern part was drained in 1955 and the remainder—the southwest—in 1968. Unlike other major polders, it is surrounded by lakes and below-sea-level channels.