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The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. [2] It consists of the cerebral peduncles , tegmentum , and tectum . It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal ( alertness ), and temperature regulation.
The mesencephalon is the second of the three primary vesicles, and does not further differentiate into a secondary brain vesicle. This will become the midbrain. The third primary vesicle, the rhombencephalon (hindbrain) will further differentiate into two secondary vesicles, the metencephalon and the myelencephalon.
Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) Secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) Posterior parietal cortex; Gyri. Postcentral gyrus (Primary somesthetic area) Other Precuneus; Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3 (Primary somesthetic area); 5, 7, 23, 26, 29, 31, 39, 40; Occipital lobe. Cortex Primary visual cortex (V1) V2; V3; V4; Gyri. Lateral occipital gyrus; Other ...
Anatomically, as the name suggests, the MLR is located in the mesencephalon (or midbrain), ventral to the inferior colliculus and near the cuneiform nucleus. [6] Although identifying the exact anatomical substrates of the MLR has been subject to considerable debate, the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), cuneiform nucleus, and midbrain ...
The two primary efferent fiber projections of the VTA are the mesocortical and the mesolimbic pathways, which correspond to the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens respectively. [14] [15] In addition, experiments in rodents have identified a mesohabenular pathway consisting of VTA neurons that do not release dopamine, but glutamate and GABA.
The primary motor cortex (Brodmann ... midbrain and hindbrain, as well as ... They are unique to primates and it has been suggested that their function is the ...
The inferior colliculi of the midbrain are located just below the visual processing centers known as the superior colliculi. The inferior colliculus has three subdivisions – the central nucleus, the dorsal cortex by which it is surrounded, and an external cortex which is located laterally. [1]
Midbrain; Pons; Significant components: Arcuate fasciculus – neural pathway connecting the junction between the temporal and parietal lobes with the frontal cortex in the brain; Broca's area – region of the brain with functions linked to speech production