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yEnc is a binary-to-text encoding scheme for transferring binary files in messages on Usenet or via e-mail.It reduces the overhead over previous US-ASCII-based encoding methods by using an 8-bit encoding method. yEnc's overhead is often (if each byte value appears approximately with the same frequency on average) as little as 1–2%, [1] compared to 33–40% overhead for 6-bit encoding methods ...
Files that contain machine-executable code and non-textual data typically contain all 256 possible eight-bit byte values. Many computer programs came to rely on this distinction between seven-bit text and eight-bit binary data, and would not function properly if non-ASCII characters appeared in data that was expected to include only ASCII text.
Base64 is particularly prevalent on the World Wide Web [1] where one of its uses is the ability to embed image files or other binary assets inside textual assets such as HTML and CSS files. [2] Base64 is also widely used for sending e-mail attachments, because SMTP – in its original form – was designed to transport 7-bit ASCII characters ...
These bytes are subtracted from the line's <length character> so that the decoder does not append unwanted characters to the file. uudecoding is reverse of the above, subtract 32 from each character's ASCII code ( modulo 64 to account for the grave accent usage) to get a 6-bit value, concatenate 4 6-bit groups to get 24 bits, then output 3 bytes.
(1 byte) True: \x08\x01 False: \x08\x00 (2 bytes) int32: 32-bit little-endian 2's complement or int64: 64-bit little-endian 2's complement: Double: little-endian binary64: UTF-8-encoded, preceded by int32-encoded string length in bytes BSON embedded document with numeric keys BSON embedded document Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR ...
MPEG-1 Layer 3 file without an ID3 tag or with an ID3v1 tag (which is appended at the end of the file) 49 44 33: ID3: 0 mp3 MP3 file with an ID3v2 container 42 4D: BM: 0 bmp dib BMP file, a bitmap format used mostly in the Windows world 43 44 30 30 31: CD001: 0x8001 0x8801 0x9001 iso ISO9660 CD/DVD image file [40] 43 44 30 30 31: CD001: 0x5EAC9 ...
Quoted-Printable, or QP encoding, is a binary-to-text encoding system using printable ASCII characters (alphanumeric and the equals sign =) to transmit 8-bit data over a 7-bit data path or, generally, over a medium which is not 8-bit clean.
The first 307,200 bytes (300 Kibibyte, one "chunk size") of the file are MD5-hashed (less if file is shorter). The 32 bit little endian integer value smallhash is initialized to 0. If the file is strictly larger than one chunk size, a series of chunks at file offsets of 2 n MiB (n ≥ 0) and one chunk right at the end of the file are hashed ...