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  2. Antinuclear antibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antinuclear_antibody

    An ANA test is considered positive if fluorescence is seen at a titre of 1:40/1:80. Higher titres are more clinically significant as low positives (≤1:160) are found in up to 20% of healthy individuals, especially the elderly. Only around 5% of the healthy population have ANA titres of 1:160 or higher. [8] [53]

  3. Spindle apparatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spindle_apparatus

    In cell biology, the spindle apparatus is the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells. It is referred to as the mitotic spindle during mitosis , a process that produces genetically identical daughter cells, or the meiotic spindle during meiosis , a process ...

  4. Kinetochore - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetochore

    The spindle checkpoint, or SAC (for spindle assembly checkpoint), also known as the mitotic checkpoint, is a cellular mechanism responsible for detection of: correct assembly of the mitotic spindle; attachment of all chromosomes to the mitotic spindle in a bipolar manner; congression of all chromosomes at the metaphase plate.

  5. Microtubule organizing center - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule_organizing_center

    The microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) is a structure found in eukaryotic cells from which microtubules emerge. MTOCs have two main functions: the organization of eukaryotic flagella and cilia and the organization of the mitotic and meiotic spindle apparatus, which separate the chromosomes during cell division.

  6. Extractable nuclear antigen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extractable_nuclear_antigen

    The ANA tests for the presence or absence of autoantibodies, while the ENA panel evaluates which proteins in the cell nucleus the autoantibodies recognize. The ENA panel helps diagnosis, distinguish between, and monitor the progression of autoimmune diseases and is performed with a simple blood draw.

  7. Aster (cell biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aster_(cell_biology)

    Astral microtubules anchor the spindle poles to the cell membrane. Microtubule polymerization is nucleated at the microtubule organizing center . An aster is a cellular structure shaped like a star , consisting of a centrosome and its associated microtubules during the early stages of mitosis in an animal cell.

  8. I toured an Air Force One plane used by 4 US presidents ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/toured-air-force-one-plane...

    Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon used an Air Force One plane known as SAM 970. The first jet-powered presidential aircraft featured an office and a safe for the nuclear codes.

  9. Serology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serology

    Serology is the scientific study of serum and other body fluids.In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum. [1] Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection (against a given microorganism), [2] against other foreign proteins (in response, for example, to a mismatched blood transfusion), or to one's own proteins (in ...