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The exact height of a satellite in a Molniya orbit varies between missions, but a typical orbit will have a perigee altitude of approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) and an apogee altitude of 39,700 kilometres (24,700 mi), for a semi-major axis of 26,600 kilometres (16,500 mi).
By 30 May 1966, the third Molniya 1 had taken the first images of the whole Earth in history. [13] The early Molniya-1 satellites were designed for television, telegraph and telephone across Russia, [11] but they were also fitted with cameras used for weather monitoring, and possibly for assessing clear areas for Zenit spy satellites. [14]
Molniya orbit: A semi-synchronous variation of a Tundra orbit. For Earth this means an orbital period of just under 12 hours. Such a satellite spends most of its time over two designated areas of the planet. An inclination of 63.4° is normally used to keep the perigee shift small. [15]
A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity, usually referring to one around Earth.Examples of inclined HEO orbits include Molniya orbits, named after the Molniya Soviet communication satellites which used them, and Tundra orbits.
Orbital. Sciences, Orbital ATK. 28.2 m 1180 370 750 to SSO: No 3 VAFB: 1994 2000 Taurus-2110 United States: Orbital. Sciences, Orbital ATK. 29.1 m 1250 375 900 to SSO: No 2 VAFB: 1999 2001 Taurus-2210 United States: Orbital. Sciences, Orbital ATK. 30.9 m 1050 700 to SSO: No 1 VAFB: 1998 1998 Taurus-3110 United States: Orbital. Sciences, Orbital ...
A satellite with an orbital inclination between zero and ninety degrees is said to be in what is called a direct or prograde orbit, meaning that it orbits in the same direction as the planet's rotation. A satellite with an orbital inclination between 90° and 180° (or, equivalently, between 0° and −90°) is said to be in a retrograde orbit.
IRS-1C was the fifth of the Indian natural resource imaging satellites and was launched by a Molniya-M launch vehicle from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The 1,250 kg (2,760 lb) satellite carried three instruments. Images from regions other than India will be downlinked and distributed through a commercial entity in the United States.
A total of 7 Molniya-1 satellites were launched, 5 of them successfully. In 1966, due to the heavy workload of OKB-1, the production of the Molniya-1 satellite was transferred to Branch No. 2 of OKB-1, nowadays Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev, and all subsequent satellites of the Molniya series were manufactured at this enterprise.