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Commonly prescribed medications for HIV, such as sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, antibacterials, antifungals, antimycobacterials, and, most notably, antiretrovirals, have an increased incidence of adverse cutaneous drug reactions in HIV-positive individuals, and even greater escalation of incidence in people with advanced disease progression in the form of AIDS. [4]
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [8] [9] [10] is a retrovirus [11] that attacks the immune system.It is a preventable disease. [5] There is no vaccine or cure for HIV. It can be managed with treatment and become a manageable chronic health condition. [5]
A good CD8 + T cell response has been linked to slower disease progression and a better prognosis, though it does not eliminate the virus. [3] During the acute phase, HIV-induced cell lysis and killing of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells accounts for CD4 + T cell depletion, although apoptosis may also be a factor.
This list governs the US government's classification of HIV disease. This is to allow the government to handle epidemic statistics and define who receives US government assistance. However, considerable variation exists in the relative risk of death following different AIDS-defining clinical conditions. [further explanation needed]
Schematic description of the mechanism of the four classes of available antiretroviral drugs against HIV. There are six classes of drugs, which are usually used in combination, to treat HIV infection. Antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are broadly classified by the phase of the retrovirus life-cycle that the drug inhibits. Typical combinations include ...
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a condition seen in some cases of HIV/AIDS or immunosuppression, in which the immune system begins to recover, but then responds to a previously acquired opportunistic infection with an overwhelming inflammatory response that paradoxically makes the symptoms of infection worse.
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS. Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores. The latency stage ...
Lamivudine, commonly called 3TC, is an antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. [1] It is also used to treat chronic hepatitis B when other options are not possible. [ 1 ] It is effective against both HIV-1 and HIV-2 . [ 1 ]
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