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The many colors of urine. Urine varies in color from pale yellow to deep amber, primarily due to urochrome, a byproduct of the normal breakdown of red blood cells. ... coffee and some fish can ...
The signs and symptoms of abnormal urine color are shown as follows: Unexplained urine color other than straw-yellow has continued for a long time. [1] Once observe blood in urine. [1] Clear, dark-brown urine. [1] Risk factors of clinical abnormal urine color include elderly age, strenuous exercise, and family history of related diagnosis. [2]
Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound that, along with the related colorless compound urobilinogen, are degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrrole heme.
Normally, urine is a transparent solution ranging from colorless to amber, but is usually a pale yellow. [8] Usually urination color comes primarily from the presence of urobilin . [ 11 ] Urobilin is a final waste product resulting from the breakdown of heme from hemoglobin during the destruction of aging blood cells.
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The color can range from pale yellow to amber based on the individual's hydration status. Urine can develop a variety of abnormal colors, which may suggest disease in some cases. [26] A total lack of color indicates that the urine is extremely dilute, which may be caused by excessive fluid intake, diabetes insipidus, or diabetes mellitus.
Urobilinogen is a yellow by-product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by the bacterial enzyme bilirubin reductase. [1] About half of the urobilinogen formed is reabsorbed and taken up via the portal vein to the liver, enters circulation and is excreted by the kidney.
From early clinical observations it is known that uroerythrin is present in every urine and increased amounts are observed in pathological states, e.g. metabolic disorders with high fever or tissue degradation. [4]