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Early bony fish had simple respiratory diverticula (an outpouching on either side of the esophagus) which helped them breathe air in low-oxygen water as a form of supplementary enteral respiration. In ray-finned fish these have evolved into swim bladders , the changing sizes of which help to alter the body's specific density and buoyancy .
These fish are best kept with live or frozen feed and they easily outgrow the tank within eight to ten months. An aquarium with the minimum diameter of 6 by 3.5 feet (1.8 by 1.1 m) and 300 US gallons (1,100 L; 250 imp gal) is suggested as a bare minimum but 400–800 US gallons (1,500–3,000 L; 330–670 imp gal) is the best way to go. [ 9 ]
The cladogram below shows the evolutionary relationships of the teleosts to other extant clades of bony fish, [15] and to the four-limbed vertebrates that evolved from a related group of bony fish during the Devonian period. [17] [18] Approximate divergence dates (in millions of years, mya) are from Near et al., 2012. [15]
The ocean sunfish (Mola mola), also known as the common mola, is one of the largest bony fish in the world. It is the type species of the genus Mola, and one of five extant species in the family Molidae. [6] [7] It was once misidentified as the heaviest bony fish, which was actually a different and closely related species of sunfish, Mola ...
Much larger bony fish existed prehistorically, the largest ever known having been Leedsichthys of the Jurassic period. This species is certainly the largest bony fish ever and perhaps the largest non-cetacean marine animal to have ever existed. Estimates of the size of this fish range from 21 to 27 m (69 to 89 ft) and mass from 20 to 50 tons.
One of these, the giant oarfish (Regalecus glesne), is the longest bony fish alive, growing up to about 8 m (26 ft) in length. [3] The common name oarfish is thought to allude either to their highly compressed and elongated bodies, or to the now discredited belief that the fish "row" themselves through the water with their pelvic fins. [4]
A 1000-kg, 4.17-m-long beluga fish from the Volga River (National Museum of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia) Among all extant bony fishes, the beluga sturgeon rivals the ocean sunfish (Mola sp.) as the most massive fish and is the second-longest bony fish after the giant oarfish (Regalecus glesne). It is the largest freshwater fish in the world.
Osteichthyes — a superclass containing the Bony fish, formerly in the now obsolete clade Teleostomi. It is divided into two classes: Actinopterygii − Ray-finned fish — contains most of the superclass's species. Sarcopterygii − Lobe-finned fish.