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A weaker flour, such as a cake or pastry flour with a much lower gluten content would have a much steeper decline after peak time. The points of interest on the graph are fivefold: Arrival Time (Absorption) – Absorption is the point chosen by the baking industry which represents a target water to flour ratio in bread.
For example, in a recipe that calls for 10 pounds of flour and 5 pounds of water, the corresponding baker's percentages are 100% for the flour and 50% for the water. Because these percentages are stated with respect to the weight of flour rather than with respect to the weight of all ingredients, the sum of these percentages always exceeds 100%.
In the process of oxidizing the organic substances found in the water sample, potassium dichromate is reduced (since in all redox reactions, one reagent is oxidized and the other is reduced), forming Cr 3+. The amount of Cr 3+ is determined after oxidization is complete and is used as an indirect measure of the organic contents of the water sample.
In biscuit making, use of chlorinated flour reduces the spread of the dough, and provides a "tighter" surface. The changes of functional properties of the flour proteins are likely to be caused by their oxidation. In countries where bleached flour is prohibited, microwaving plain flour produces similar chemical changes to the bleaching process ...
A combination of water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants is ideal, usually in the ratio of fat to water. In addition, rancidification can be decreased by storing fats and oils in a cool, dark place with little exposure to oxygen or free radicals, since heat and light accelerate the rate of reaction of fats with oxygen.
When an oxidizer (Ox) accepts a number z of electrons ( e −) to be converted in its reduced form (Red), the half-reaction is expressed as: + The reaction quotient (Q r), also often called the ion activity product (IAP), is the ratio between the chemical activities (a) of the reduced form (the reductant, a Red) and the oxidized form (the oxidant, a Ox).
Whole milk typically contains no more than 3.25% milk fat. Half-and-half is equal parts cream and whole milk. Two-percent and 1% milk contain the percentages of milk fat you would expect, and skim ...
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes , yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants , bleaching agents and emulsifiers . [ 1 ]