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The kinematics equations for the series chain of a robot are obtained using a rigid transformation [Z] to characterize the relative movement allowed at each joint and separate rigid transformation [X] to define the dimensions of each link. The result is a sequence of rigid transformations alternating joint and link transformations from the base ...
In this convention, coordinate frames are attached to the joints between two links such that one transformation is associated with the joint [Z ], and the second is associated with the link [X ]. The coordinate transformations along a serial robot consisting of n links form the kinematics equations of the robot: [] = [] [] [] [] …
From this point of view the kinematics equations can be used in two different ways. The first called forward kinematics uses specified values for the joint parameters to compute the end-effector position and orientation. The second called inverse kinematics uses the position and orientation of the end-effector to compute the joint parameters ...
Forward kinematics uses the kinematic equations of a robot to compute the position of the end-effector from specified values for the joint parameters. [3] The reverse process that computes the joint parameters that achieve a specified position of the end-effector is known as inverse kinematics.
The combination of a rotation and translation in the plane R 2 can be represented by a certain type of 3×3 matrix known as a homogeneous transform. The 3×3 homogeneous transform is constructed from a 2×2 rotation matrix A(φ) and the 2×1 translation vector d = (d x, d y), as: [(,)] = [()] = [ ].
For each joint of the kinematic chain, an origin point q and an axis of action are selected for the zero configuration, using the coordinate frame of the base. In the case of a prismatic joint, the axis of action v is the vector along which the joint extends; in the case of a revolute joint, the axis of action ω the vector normal to the rotation.
Screw theory is the algebraic calculation of pairs of vectors, also known as dual vectors [1] – such as angular and linear velocity, or forces and moments – that arise in the kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies.
A space curve; the vectors T, N, B; and the osculating plane spanned by T and N. In differential geometry, the Frenet–Serret formulas describe the kinematic properties of a particle moving along a differentiable curve in three-dimensional Euclidean space, or the geometric properties of the curve itself irrespective of any motion.