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Maritime drug trafficking in Latin America is the primary mean of transportation of illegal drugs produced in this region to global consumer markets. Cocaine is the primary illegal drug smuggled through maritime routes because all of its cultivation and production is settled in the Andean region of South America. [1] [2]
Addictive behavior observed from long-term cocaine users can be due to changes in the gene expression profiles in the brain's reward circuitry. Most research has been focused on the active regions of the reward-related genes, but Maze et al. [3] focuses at what happens to the heterochromatic regions.
Cocaine stimulates the mesolimbic pathway in the brain. [15] Mental effects may include an intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, loss of contact with reality, or agitation. [12] Physical effects may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils. [12] High doses can result in high blood pressure or high body temperature. [16]
Of the approximately 200 members in the genus Erythroxylum, most species contain the central nervous system stimulant tropane alkaloid, known more commonly as cocaine.Because the plant is endemic ...
Over a 15-year period – from 1977 to 1992 – Los Muchachos imported 75 tons of pure cocaine with a street value over $2.6 billion, according to federal prosecutors.
The illegal drug trade in Latin America concerns primarily the production and sale of cocaine and cannabis, including the export of these banned substances to the United States and Europe. The coca cultivation is concentrated in the Andes of South America, particularly in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia; this is the world's only source region for ...
The environmental destruction caused by the production of cocaine has been well documented, with reports made the UN and other government bodies. [2] Due to the illegal nature of coca production, farmers make little effort in soil conservation and sustainability practices as seen in the high mobility and short life of coca plots in Colombia. [10]
Colombia's illicit drug trade is the largest in the world, approximately half of the global supply of cocaine is produced in Colombia.In 2016, 18 million people used the drug worldwide, consuming hundreds of thousands of tonnes of the cocaine produced annually in the Andean region. [1]