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The category of early computers contains the computer systems made in the early era (i.e., the era in modern computer history defined as the period from the late 1930s to the early 1960s) utilizing mechanical, vacuum tube, discrete transistor, or other pre-integrated circuit technology. See also. Category:History of computing
A different model of computer use was foreshadowed by the way in which early, pre-commercial, experimental computers were used, where one user had exclusive use of a processor. [36] Some of the first computers that might be called "personal" were early minicomputers such as the LINC and PDP-8 , and later on VAX and larger minicomputers from ...
Typically a home computer would generate audio tones to encode data, that could be stored on audio tape through a direct connection to the recorder. Re-loading the data required re-winding the tape. The home computer would contain some circuit such as a phase-locked loop to convert audio tones back into digital data. Since consumer cassette ...
The first stored-program transistor computer was the ETL Mark III, developed by Japan's Electrotechnical Laboratory [50] [51] [52] from 1954 [53] to 1956. [51] However, early junction transistors were relatively bulky devices that were difficult to manufacture on a mass-production basis, which limited them to a number of specialized ...
The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s. A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals.
An early commercial computer. IBM 305 RAMAC: 1956 >1,000: The first commercial computer to use a moving-head hard-disk drive for secondary storage. Bendix G-15: 1956 >400: A small computer for scientific and industrial purposes by the Bendix Corporation. It had a total of about 450 tubes (mostly dual triodes) and 300 germanium diodes. LGP-30: ...
According to the IEEE Annals of Computer History, the MCM/70 is the earliest commercial, non-kit personal computer. [33] IBM 5100: 1975: An early portable computer with integrated monitor; the 5100 was possibly one of the first portable microcomputers using a CRT display. Sphere 1: 1975: A personal computer that was among the earliest complete ...
ENIAC (/ ˈ ɛ n i æ k /; Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) [1] [2] was the first programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital computer, completed in 1945. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Other computers had some of these features, but ENIAC was the first to have them all.