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  2. Coin flipping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coin_flipping

    During a coin toss, the coin is thrown into the air such that it rotates edge-over-edge an unpredictable number of times. Either beforehand or when the coin is in the air, an interested party declares "heads" or "tails", indicating which side of the coin that party is choosing. The other party is assigned the opposite side.

  3. Two-up - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-up

    Both coins land with the "tails" side facing up. (Probability 25%) Odds or "One Them" One coin lands with the "head" side up, and the other lands with the "tails" side up. (Probability 50%) Odding Out To spin five "odds" in a row. (Probability 3.125%) Come in, Spinner The call given by the boxer when all bets are placed and the coins are now ...

  4. Columns (juggling) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columns_(juggling)

    In toss juggling, columns, also known as One-up Two-up, is a juggling trick or pattern where the balls are thrown upwards without any sideways motion, [6] distinguishing it from the fountain. The simplest version involves having three balls, with two going up simultaneously on either side, followed by one going up in the middle. [ 7 ]

  5. Law of large numbers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_large_numbers

    For example, a fair coin toss is a Bernoulli trial. When a fair coin is flipped once, the theoretical probability that the outcome will be heads is equal to 1 ⁄ 2. Therefore, according to the law of large numbers, the proportion of heads in a "large" number of coin flips "should be" roughly 1 ⁄ 2.

  6. Why do we toss coins into fountains? - AOL

    www.aol.com/why-toss-coins-fountains-160126436.html

    Some well-known fountains can collect thousands of dollars in coins each year. According to an NBC report from 2016, the Trevi Fountain accumulated about $1.5 million in coins that year. (The ...

  7. Penney's game - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penney's_game

    Player A selects a sequence of heads and tails (of length 3 or larger), and shows this sequence to player B. Player B then selects another sequence of heads and tails of the same length. Subsequently, a fair coin is tossed until either player A's or player B's sequence appears as a consecutive subsequence of the coin toss outcomes. The player ...

  8. Fair coin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_coin

    A fair coin, when tossed, should have an equal chance of landing either side up. In probability theory and statistics, a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials with probability 1/2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin. One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin.

  9. Balance puzzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_puzzle

    For example, in detecting a dissimilar coin in three weighings (⁠ = ⁠), the maximum number of coins that can be analyzed is ⁠ = ⁠.Note that with ⁠ ⁠ weighings and ⁠ ⁠ coins, it is not always possible to determine the nature of the last coin (whether it is heavier or lighter than the rest), but only that the other coins are all the same, implying that the last coin is the ...