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In a recipe, the baker's percentage for water is referred to as the "hydration"; it is indicative of the stickiness of the dough and the "crumb" of the bread. Lower hydration rates (e.g., 50–57%) are typical for bagels and pretzels, and medium hydration levels (58–65%) are typical for breads and rolls. [25]
Some volume-based recipes, therefore, attempt to improve the reproducibility by including additional instructions for measuring the correct amount of an ingredient. For example, a recipe might call for "1 cup brown sugar, firmly packed", or "2 heaping cups flour". A few of the more common special measuring methods: Firmly packed
A diet program that manages the glycemic load aims to avoid sustained blood-sugar spikes and can help avoid onset of type 2 diabetes. [6] For diabetics, glycemic load is a highly recommended tool for managing blood sugar. [citation needed] The data on GI and GL listed in this article is from the University of Sydney (Human Nutrition Unit) GI ...
The International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (ICUMSA) is an international standards body, founded in 1897, [1] [2] that publishes detailed laboratory procedures for the analysis of sugar. The ICUMSA Methods Book [3] contains detailed instructions for analyzing raw, cane, white, beet, molasses, plantation white and ...
Baking powder is made up of a base, an acid, and a buffering material to prevent the acid and base from reacting before their intended use. [5] [6] Most commercially available baking powders are made up of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3, also known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda) and one or more acid salts.
The best sheet pans are based on size, material and design. We rounded up aluminum, nonstick and carbon steel options from popular retailers.
The Armed Forces Recipe Service is a compendium of high-volume foodservice recipes written and updated regularly by the United States Department of Defense Natick Laboratories and used by military cooks and by institutional and catering operations. It originated in 1969 as a consolidation of the cooking manuals of the four main services and is ...
In his book, Moss cites examples from Kraft, Coca-Cola, Lunchables, Frito-Lay, Nestlé, Oreos, Capri Sun, and many more companies, where scientists calculate the combination of sugar, fat and salt ("bliss point") for convenience food that is guaranteed to have an optimal appeal for the customer.