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Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) is a human immunoglobulin that is used to prevent the development of hepatitis B [2] and is used for the treatment of acute exposure to HBsAg. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Medical uses
The time between the removal of the HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs is called the window period. A person negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBs either has cleared an infection or has been vaccinated previously. Individuals who remain HBsAg positive for at least six months are considered to be hepatitis B carriers. [68]
The genome organisation of HBV; the genes overlap. ORF S, in green, encodes HBsAg. HBsAg under a transmission electron microscope: the protein self assembles into virus-like particles. HBsAg (also known as the Australia antigen) is the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Its presence in blood indicates existing hepatitis B infection.
If HBsAg is present, a second test – usually done on the same blood sample – that detects the antibody for the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBcAg) can differentiate between acute and chronic infection. [85] [89] People who are high-risk whose blood tests negative for HBsAg can receive the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent future infection.
It is produced by yeast cells, into which the gene for HBsAg has been inserted. [65] Afterward an immune system antibody to HBsAg is established in the bloodstream. The antibody is known as anti-HBs. This antibody and immune system memory then provide immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. [71]
An individual with a chronic infection would test positive for HBsAg and total anti-HBc (IgM and IgG), but negative for IgM anti-HBc and anti-HBs. An individual who has successfully resolved their HBV infection will test negative for HBsAg, positive for anti-HBc, and may test negative or positive for anti-HBs, although most will test positive ...
Botox also has other FDA-approved uses: It can help treat migraines, muscular dystonias, a neurogenic bladder and a few other medical conditions, she says.
(1) the period that elapses during HBsAg to HBsAb seroconversion, i.e. between the disappearance of surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum and the appearance of HBsAb (anti-HBs), and (2) the period between infection and appearance of HBsAg. During the window of HBsAg to HBsAb seroconversion, IgM anti-core (HBc-IgM) is the only detectable antibody.
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