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Because the image sensors in many digital cameras are smaller than the 24 mm × 36 mm image area of full-frame 35 mm cameras, a lens of a given focal length gives a narrower field of view in such cameras. Sensor size is often expressed as optical format in inches. Other measures are also used; see table of sensor formats and sizes below.
The edges are cropped off, which is equivalent to zooming in on the center section of the imaging area. The ratio of the size of the full-frame 35 mm format to the size of the smaller format is known as the "crop factor" or "focal-length multiplier", and is typically in the range 1.3–2.0 for non-full-frame digital SLRs.
For example, a 28 mm lens delivers a moderately wide-angle FOV on a 35 mm format full-frame camera, but on a camera with a 1.6 crop factor, an image made with the same lens will have the same field of view that a full-frame camera would make with a ~45 mm lens (28 × 1.6 = 44.8). This narrowing of the FOV is a disadvantage to photographers when ...
Some popular sizes include "full-frame" or 35mm, APS-C, and 1-inch. Lenses are often intended to work with one of these sensor formats, but in some cases a lens can be used with multiple formats. [1] A “full-frame” type lens produces an image circle that is large enough to cover a 35mm sensor.
The latest Leica Leitz and Sharp Aquos R series phones do qualify because, despite using only 94% [b] of their 1.0-type sensors [2] [3] (with 4:3 aspect ratio), they maintain the same crop factor (2.7) and diagonal (1″) as a 1.0-type sensor with 3:2 aspect ratio, since that is the image circle for which their lenses were originally designed.
35 mm equivalent focal lengths are calculated by multiplying the actual focal length of the lens by the crop factor of the sensor. Typical crop factors are 1.26× – 1.29× for Canon (1.35× for Sigma "H") APS-H format, 1.5× for Nikon APS-C ("DX") format (also used by Sony, Pentax, Fuji, Samsung and others), 1.6× for Canon APS-C format, 2× for Micro Four Thirds format, 2.7× for 1-inch ...
DVD producers can also choose to show even wider ratios such as 1.66:1, 1.75:1, 1.77:1 and 1.78:1 [1] within the 16:9 DVD frame by hard matting or adding black bars within the image itself. The 16:9 aspect ratio was used often in British TVs in the United Kingdom in the 1990s, and is also used in smartphones, laptops, and desktops.
In everyday digital cameras, the crop factor can range from around 1, called full frame (professional digital SLRs where the sensor size is similar to the 35 mm film), to 1.6 (consumer SLR), to 2 (Micro Four Thirds ILC), and to 6 (most compact cameras). So, a standard 50 mm lens for 35 mm film photography acts like a 50 mm standard "film" lens ...
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