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A special and by far less common form of joint-stock companies, intended for companies with a large number of shareholders, is the publicly traded joint-stock companies, called allmennaksjeselskap and abbreviated ASA. A joint-stock company must be incorporated, has an independent legal personality and limited liability, and is required to have ...
A joint-stock company is a corporate form that dates back to the 16th century. It is a form of company in which ownership and liability is divided up by shares, which can be freely bought and sold.
Example of an Aktie, with a nominal value of 1,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁. The German word Aktiengesellschaft is a compound noun made up of two elements: Aktien meaning an acting part or share, and Gesellschaft, meaning company or society. English translations include share company, or company limited by shares, or joint-stock company.
Finally, many mutual companies, including Nationwide and MassMutual, have wholly owned subsidiaries. The subsidiaries may technically be stock companies, but the mutual owns all the stock. For example, the New York Life Insurance and Annuity Corporation (NYLIAC) is a wholly owned subsidiary of the New York Life Insurance Company (NYLIC). A ...
A public joint-stock company, abbreviated PJSC (Russian: Публичное акционерное общество, abbreviated Russian: ПАО) or open joint-stock company, abbreviated OJSC (Russian: Открытое акционерное общество, abbreviated Russian: ОАО), is a type of company in many successor states of the Soviet Union, particularly in Russia.
For example, a company may be a "corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust, fund, or organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not, and (in an official capacity) any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, or similar official, or liquidating agent, for any of the foregoing". [9] [10]
In a joint-stock company, the members are known as shareholders, and each of their shares in the ownership, control, and profits of the corporation is determined by the portion of shares in the company that they own. Thus, a person who owns a quarter of the shares of a joint-stock company owns a quarter of the company, is entitled to a quarter ...
The largest of such corporations were initially incorporated as Russian joint-stock companies (Russian: Российское акционерное общество, abbreviated as RAO). Best known examples were RAO UES and RAO Gazprom. But they have since been converted to public JSCs (OAO), even though their shares remain the property of the ...