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  2. Earth's orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_orbit

    Earth orbit (yellow) compared to a circle (gray) Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), or 8.317 light-minutes, [1] in a counterclockwise direction as viewed from above the Northern Hemisphere. One complete orbit takes 365.256 days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million ...

  3. Milankovitch cycles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milankovitch_cycles

    The Earth's orbit approximates an ellipse. Eccentricity measures the departure of this ellipse from circularity. The shape of the Earth's orbit varies between nearly circular (theoretically the eccentricity can hit zero) and mildly elliptical (highest eccentricity was 0.0679 in the last 250 million years). [6] Its geometric or logarithmic mean ...

  4. Circular orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_orbit

    A circular orbit is an orbit with a fixed distance around the barycenter; that is, ... (2 - red) away from Earth, (3 - grey) in the direction of travel, and

  5. Orbital eccentricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity

    In astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle. A value of 0 is a circular orbit, values between 0 and 1 form an elliptic orbit, 1 is a parabolic escape orbit (or capture orbit), and greater than 1 ...

  6. Orbital mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_mechanics

    t. e. Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to the practical problems concerning the motion of rockets, satellites, and other spacecraft. The motion of these objects is usually calculated from Newton's laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation.

  7. List of orbits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_orbits

    Geosynchronous orbit (GSO): An orbit around the Earth with a period equal to one sidereal day, which is Earth's average rotational period of 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4.091 seconds. For a nearly circular orbit, this implies an altitude of approximately 35,786 kilometers (22,236 mi).

  8. Orbital period - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_period

    In the special case of perfectly circular orbits, the semimajor axis a is equal to the radius of the orbit, and the orbital velocity is constant and equal to = where: r is the circular orbit's radius in meters, This corresponds to 1 ⁄ √2 times (≈ 0.707 times) the escape velocity.

  9. Orbital inclination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_inclination

    For a satellite orbiting the Earth directly above the Equator, the plane of the satellite's orbit is the same as the Earth's equatorial plane, and the satellite's orbital inclination is 0°. The general case for a circular orbit is that it is tilted, spending half an orbit over the northern hemisphere and half over the southern.

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