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Beech bark disease is a disease that causes mortality and defects in beech trees in the eastern United States, Canada and Europe. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In North America , the disease occurs after extensive bark invasion by Xylococculus betulae and the beech scale insect , Cryptococcus fagisuga . [ 4 ]
Beech bark disease is a fungal infection that attacks the American beech through damage caused by scale insects. [39] Infection can lead to the death of the tree. [40] Beech leaf disease is a disease that affects American beeches spread by the newly discovered nematode, Litylenchus crenatae mccannii.
Beech leaf disease is a newly discovered lethal disease of beech trees believed to be caused by the nematode Litylenchus crenatae mccannii. [1] The symptoms of the disease appear as a dark green, interveinal banding pattern on the lower canopy foliage, eventually spreading throughout the tree.
The disease has torn through a dozen states in little more than a decade, caused by a type of microscopic worm called a foliar nematode that eats the leaves of beech trees.
The USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, or APHIS, has allocated more than $108,000 for a research project studying the risks of beech leaf disease in several states.
Beech is a dominant tree species in France and constitutes about 10% of French forests. The largest virgin forests made of beech trees are Uholka-Shyrokyi Luh (8,800 hectares or 22,000 acres) in Ukraine [18] and Izvoarele Nerei (5,012 ha or 12,380 acres in one forest body) in Semenic-Cheile Carașului National Park, Romania. These habitats are ...
Beech buds are distinctly thin and long, resembling cigars; this characteristic makes beech trees relatively easy to identify. The tree is monoecious, with flowers of both sexes on the same tree. The fruit is a small, sharply-angled nut, borne in pairs in a soft-spined, four-lobed husk. It has two means of reproduction: one is through the usual ...
Cryptococcus fagisuga, commonly known as the beech scale or woolly beech scale, is a felted scale insect in the superfamily Coccoidea that infests beech trees of the genus Fagus. It is associated with the transmission of beech bark disease [ 3 ] because the puncture holes it makes in the bark allow entry of pathogenic fungi which have been ...