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The lichen's vegetative body measures 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) long, occasionally reaching 7 cm (2.8 in), [5] forming foliose to somewhat tufted bushy growths that attach very loosely to the surface. [10] Despite being a foliose lichen, H. catawbiensis has a growth pattern that makes it resemble a fruticose (bushy) form. [11]
The lichen commonly produces small, disc-shaped reproductive structures that are orange when fully developed and typically measure around 1 millimetre across. These structures produce microscopic spores that are transparent and single-celled, measuring 11–15 μm long by 5.5–8 μm wide. [5]
Over 800 lichen products of known chemical structure have been reported in the scientific literature, and most of these compounds are exclusively found in lichens. [1] Examples of lichen products include usnic acid (a dibenzofuran ), atranorin (a depside), lichexanthone (a xanthone), salazinic acid (a depsidone), and isolichenan , an α-glucan .
Basidiolichen mycobionts consist of 172 known species (0.9% of the total number of accepted lichen species) across 15 genera, 5 families, and 5 orders within the class Agaricomycetes in the fungal division Basidiomycota. [1] The majority of described basidiolichen mycobionts belong to the genus Cora, followed by the genera Dictyonema and ...
The total diversity of cyanolichens appears to be significantly lower than that of lichens containing green algae (chlorolichens), with cyanolichens representing about 10% of known lichen species, though this figure may underestimate true diversity as new molecular techniques continue to reveal previously unknown cyanobiont relationships. [3]
The International Association for Lichenology (IAL) is an organisation that encourages the understanding of lichens and lichenology, and promotes their study and conservation worldwide. It unites lichenologists across the globe, as well as national and regional organisations into one group. [ 1 ]
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The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Lecanorales, comprising about 560 species distributed amongst 18 genera.This family is one of the largest among lichen-forming fungi and is globally distributed, from Arctic tundra to tropical rainforests, favouring humid environments while being intolerant of arid conditions.