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For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.
The solution has 1 mole or 1 equiv Na +, 1 mole or 2 equiv Ca 2+, and 3 mole or 3 equiv Cl −. An earlier definition, used especially for chemical elements , holds that an equivalent is the amount of a substance that will react with 1 g (0.035 oz) of hydrogen , 8 g (0.28 oz) of oxygen , or 35.5 g (1.25 oz) of chlorine —or that will displace ...
Cations are plotted in milliequivalents per liter on the left side of the zero axis, one to each horizontal axis, and anions are plotted on the right side. Stiff patterns are useful in making a rapid visual comparison between water from different sources. An alternative to the Stiff diagram is the Maucha diagram.
Alkalinity is typically reported as mg/L as CaCO 3. (The conjunction "as" is appropriate in this case because the alkalinity results from a mixture of ions but is reported "as if" all of this is due to CaCO 3.) This can be converted into milliequivalents per Liter (meq/L) by dividing by 50 (the approximate MW of CaCO 3 divided by 2).
It is necessary to calculate the mass of a solid acid which will react with about 20 cm 3 of this solution (for a titration using a 25 cm 3 burette): suitable solid acids include oxalic acid dihydrate, potassium hydrogen phthalate and potassium hydrogen iodate. The equivalent weights of the three acids 63.04 g, 204.23 g and 389.92 g ...
V eq is the volume of titrant (ml) consumed by the crude oil sample and 1 ml of spiking solution at the equivalent point, b eq is the volume of titrant (ml) consumed by 1 ml of spiking solution at the equivalent point, 56.1 g/mol is the molecular weight of KOH, W oil is the mass of the sample in grams. The normality (N) of titrant is calculated as:
The peroxide value is defined as the amount of peroxide oxygen per 1 kilogram of fat or oil. Traditionally this was expressed in units of milliequivalents, although in SI units the appropriate option would be in millimoles per kilogram (N.B. 1 milliequivalents = 0.5 millimole; because 1 mEq of O 2 =1 mmol/2 of O 2 =0.5 mmol of O 2, where 2 is valence).
One liter of Ringer's lactate solution contains: [13] 130–131 mEq of sodium ion = 130 mmol L −1; 109–111 mEq of chloride ion = 109 mmol L −1; 28–29 mEq of lactate ion = 28 mmol L −1; 4–5 mEq of potassium ion = 4 mmol L −1; 2–3 mEq of calcium ion = 1.5 mmol L −1; Ringer's lactate has an osmolarity of 273 mOsm L −1 [14] and ...