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Kenneth L. Bontrager and John P. Lampignano Bontrager's Handbook of Radiographic Positioning and Techniques. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013 This medical treatment –related article is a stub .
An illustration of the heel effect in an x-ray tube. In X-ray tubes, the heel effect or, more precisely, the anode heel effect is a variation of the intensity of X-rays emitted by the anode depending on the direction of emission along the anode-cathode axis.
The standard abdominal X-ray protocol is usually a single anteroposterior projection in supine position. [3] Special projections include a PA prone, lateral decubitus, upright AP, and lateral cross-table (with the patient supine).
Two forms of radiographic images are in use in medical imaging. Projection radiography and fluoroscopy, with the latter being useful for catheter guidance. These 2D techniques are still in wide use despite the advance of 3D tomography due to the low cost, high resolution, and depending on the application, lower radiation dosages with 2D technique.
Kathleen "Kitty" Clara Clark MBE (1896 – 20 October 1968) was a British radiographer who wrote the standard text now called Clark's Positioning in Radiography. She was one of the first qualified radiographers and established the teaching of radiography at the Royal Northern Hospital .
1 Positioning. 2 Uses. 3 References. ... Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Orbital x-ray or orbital radiography is an x-ray of both left and right eye sockets, ...
Schuller's view is a lateral radiographic view of skull principally used for viewing mastoid cells. [1] The central beam of X-rays passes from one side of the head and is at an angle of 25° caudad to the radiographic plate. This angulation prevents overlap of images of the two mastoid bones. The radiograph for each mastoid is taken separately.
Waters' view (also known as the occipitomental view or parietoacanthial projection) is a radiographic view of the skull. It is commonly used to get a better view of the maxillary sinuses. An x-ray beam is angled at 45° to the orbitomeatal line. The rays pass from behind the head and are perpendicular to the radiographic plate.