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CIAS Discussion Paper No. 3: Islam at the Margins: The Muslims of Indochina. 3: 7– 23. Nakamura, Rie (2020). A Journey of Ethnicity: In Search of the Cham of Vietnam. Cambridge Scholars Publisher. ISBN 978-1-52755-034-6. Reid, Anthony (1993). "Islamization and Christianization in Southeast Asia: The Critical Phase 1550-1650". In Reid, Anthony ...
For example, in Vietnam, both Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi has 2 types of minimum wage rates. Singapore and Metro Manila also has different types of minimum wage systems based on industries/services. Other cities from Indonesia and Malaysia have simple rate systems for minimum wages such as Jakarta , Kuala lumpur , Surabaya , Bandung and Medan .
[3] [4] It is issued by the State Bank of Vietnam. [5] The dong was also the currency of the predecessor states of North Vietnam and South Vietnam, having replaced the previously used French Indochinese piastre. [6] [7] Formerly, it was subdivided into 10 hao (hào), which were further subdivided into 10 xu, neither of which are now used due to ...
The rupiah (symbol: Rp; currency code: IDR) is the official currency of Indonesia, issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. Its name is derived from the Sanskrit word for silver, rupyakam (रूप्यकम्). [4] Sometimes, Indonesians also informally use the word perak (' silver ' in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah in coins.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 February 2025. Islam in Indonesia Muslims in Indonesia perform Eid al-Fitr prayers Total population 244,410,757 (2023) 87,06% of the population [a] Languages Liturgical Quranic Arabic Common Indonesian (official), various regional languages Mass Eid al-Fitr prayer at the national Istiqlal Mosque in ...
Modernism/Reformism in the Indonesian context is defined by its pure adherence toward the Qur'an and Hadith, promotion of ijtihad (individual reasoning), rejection of madh'hab (Islamic schools of jurisprudence) and as well as criticism against taqlid (imitation of judicial precedence) to religious scholars, Sufism, and vernacular traditions based on syncretism with local practices.
Ulama and kyais, mostly wealthy landowners of rural area, were authoritative figures in this system, and santri (students) learned Islam through taqlid (rote learning) and kitab kuning. Distinct characteristics of traditionalism are based on such syncretism and rural communal dynamics.
The next coin design, was '1999' 50 rupiah coin, which was struck in aluminium showing the black-naped oriole. As with the 500 rupiah, the reverse of the coin has a larger numerical denomination. Dates are 1999, 2001 and 2002. The 100 rupiah coin was also altered in the same manner to aluminium from '1999', depicting the palm cockatoo. Mint ...