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Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]
Registered dietitians have all those answers and more insights on vitamin K, its function, health benefits and the foods that have it. ... four of the 13 clotting factors found within the body ...
Gamma-glutamyl carboxylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the posttranslational modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Many of these vitamin K-dependent proteins are involved in coagulation so the function of the encoded enzyme is essential for hemostasis. [ 5 ]
Vitamin K (phylloquinones, menaquinones, and menadiones) Some sources include a fourteenth, choline. [6] Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs.
Vitamin K may help prevent coronary heart disease and cancer. ... Blood clotting, or coagulation, is the process that helps your body reduce bleeding from an injury. There are three forms of ...
VKORC1 is involved in the vitamin K cycle by reduction of vitamin K epoxide to vitamin K, which is the rate-limiting step in the physiological process of vitamin K recycling. [6] The availability of reduced vitamin K is of importance for activation vitamin K 2,3-epoxide.
[14] [77] Vitamin K 1 has a phytyl chain, similar to vitamin E, while vitamin K 2 has an isoprenoid chain, which is a series of five-carbon units. CYP4F2 shortens the phytyl chain of vitamin K 1 and the isoprenoid chain of vitamin K 2 by ω-hydroxylation, which reduces their biological activity and stability. [77]
Protein S (also known as PROS) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver. In the circulation, Protein S exists in two forms: a free form and a complex form bound to complement protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP). In humans, protein S is encoded by the PROS1 gene. [5] [6] Protein S plays a role in coagulation.