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Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language [8] [9] and is thus related to Adyghe.The language of Abkhaz is especially close to Abaza, and they are sometimes considered dialects of the same language, [10] [11] Abazgi, of which the literary dialects of Abkhaz and Abaza are simply two ends of a dialect continuum.
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The Northwest Caucasian languages, [1] also called West Caucasian, Abkhazo-Adyghean, Abkhazo-Circassian, [2] Circassic, or sometimes Pontic languages (from Ancient Greek, pontos, referring to the Black Sea, in contrast to the Northeast Caucasian languages as the Caspian languages), is a family of languages spoken in the northwestern Caucasus region, [3] chiefly in three Russian republics ...
The Abkhaz language belongs to the isolate Northwest Caucasian language family, also known as Abkhaz–Adyghe or North Pontic family, which groups the dialectic continuum spoken by the Abaza–Abkhaz (Abazgi) and Adyghe ("Circassians" in English). [19] Abkhazians are closely ethnically related to Circassians. [20]
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Abkhaz did not become a written language until the 19th century. Up until then, Abkhazians, especially princes, had been using Greek (up to c. 9th century), Georgian (9–19th centuries), and partially Turkish (18th century) languages. [2] The Abkhaz word for alphabet is анбан (anban), which was borrowed from Georgian ანბანი ...
The Russian language, equally with the Abkhazian language, shall be recognized as a language of State and other institutions. The State shall guarantee the right to freely use the mother language for all the ethnic groups residing in Abkhazia. [284] The languages spoken in Abkhazia are Abkhaz, Russian, Mingrelian, Svan, Armenian, and Greek. [285]
Abkhaz is a language of the Northwest Caucasian family [1] which, like the other Northwest Caucasian languages, is very rich in consonants. Abkhaz has a large consonantal inventory that contrasts 58 consonants in the literary Abzhywa dialect, coupled with just two phonemic vowels (Chirikba 2003:18–20).