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Constrictive pericarditis is a condition characterized by a thickened, fibrotic pericardium, limiting the heart's ability to function normally. [1] In many cases, the condition continues to be difficult to diagnose and therefore benefits from a good understanding of the underlying cause.
Complications can include cardiac tamponade, myocarditis, and constrictive pericarditis. [1] [2] Pericarditis is an uncommon cause of chest pain. [9] About 3 per 10,000 people are affected per year. [2] Those most commonly affected are males between the ages of 20 and 50. [10] Up to 30% of those affected have more than one episode. [10]
Pulsus paradoxus, also paradoxic pulse or paradoxical pulse, is an abnormally large decrease in stroke volume, systolic blood pressure (a drop more than 10 mmHg) and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration. Pulsus paradoxus is not related to pulse rate or heart rate, and it is not a paradoxical rise in systolic pressure.
Pericardiectomy is the surgical removal of part or most of the pericardium. [1] [2] This operation is most commonly used to relieve constrictive pericarditis, or to remove a pericardium that is calcified and fibrous. [2]
Cardiac inflammation: idiopathic pericarditis is the most common inflammatory cause of pericardial effusion in the United States. [8] [9] Autoimmune: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, [10] Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, Dressler's syndrome, sarcoidosis; Drug hypersensitivity/ side effects: Chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ...
[9] 2-dimensional and Doppler studies are necessary to distinguish RCM from constrictive pericarditis. If a patient has restrictive cardiomyopathy, the Doppler study should present poorly maintained ventricular filling on the E-wave and little to no late ventricular filling on the A-wave leading to the dip and plateau pattern of the early ...
The other 10–20% of acute pericarditis cases have various causes including connective tissue diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), cancer, or involve an inflammatory reaction of the pericardium following trauma to the heart such as after a heart attack such as Dressler's syndrome. [2]
Constrictive pericarditis is a rare cause. Masses can grow to press on major blood vessels causing shock. [4] [6] Tension pneumothorax.