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2. Photoacoustic spectroscopy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoacoustic_spectroscopy

   Photoacoustic spectroscopy is the measurement of the effect of absorbed electromagnetic energy (particularly of light) on matter by means of acoustic detection. The discovery of the photoacoustic effect dates to 1880 when Alexander Graham Bell showed that thin discs emitted sound when exposed to a beam of sunlight that was rapidly interrupted with a rotating slotted disk.

3. Infrared open-path detector - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_open-path_detector

   For open-path detection of flammable concentrations the absorption for non-methane hydrocarbons is so strong that the measurement saturates, a significant gas cloud appearing 'black'. This wavelength region is beyond the transmission range of borosilicate glass , so windows and lenses must be made of more expensive materials and tend to be ...

4. Photoacoustic effect - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoacoustic_effect

   Photoacoustic spectroscopy is also useful for the opposite case of opaque samples, where the absorption is essentially complete. In an arrangement where a sensor is placed in a gaseous phase above the sample and the light impinges the sample from above, the photoacoustic signal results from an absorption zone close to the surface.

5. Tracer-gas leak testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracer-gas_leak_testing

   A tracer-gas leak testing method is a nondestructive testing method that detects gas leaks.A variety of methods with different sensitivities exist. Tracer-gas leak testing is used in the petrochemical industry, the automotive industry, the construction industry [1] and in the manufacture of semiconductors, among other uses.

6. Cantilever enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantilever_enhanced_photo...

   Cantilever enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy enables the detection of small amount of trace gases which is vital in many applications. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive optical detection schemes. It is based on detecting a gas specific acoustic wave generated that originates from the absorption of light in the medium ...

7. Leak detection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leak_detection

   The primary purpose of leak detection systems (LDS) is to help pipeline controllers to detect and localize leaks. LDS provide alarms and display other related data to the pipeline controllers to assist decision-making. Pipeline leak detection systems can also enhance productivity and system reliability thanks to reduced downtime and inspection ...