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The World Health Organization (WHO) published the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist in 2008 in order to increase the safety of patients undergoing surgery. [1] The checklist serves to remind the surgical team of important items to be performed before and after the surgical procedure in order to reduce adverse events such as surgical site infections or retained instruments. [1]
In 2013, Pronovost co-founded Doctella, a startup that provides surgical checklists for patients to improve patient engagement, patient safety, and lead to better health outcomes. [16] Also in 2013, Pronovost advocated for a system of alcohol and drug testing for doctors in a Journal of the American Medical Association article. [17] [18]
Goal 1: Identify patients correctly. Goal 2: Improve effective communication. Goal 3: Improve the safety of high-alert medications. Goal 4: Ensure safe surgery. Goal 5: Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections. Goal 6: Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls. [2] [4]
Sepsis was the most expensive condition treated in United States' hospital stays in 2013, at an aggregate cost of $23.6 billion for nearly 1.3 million hospitalizations. [132] Costs for sepsis hospital stays more than quadrupled since 1997 with an 11.5 percent annual increase. [133]
Sepsis Alliance is a patient advocacy non-profit organization [8] funded by contributions from individual donors, corporations, and foundations. In addition to these major sources of funding, Sepsis Alliance is a named beneficiary from several annual fundraisers, and also generates income from sepsis-related materials.
[13] [14] To prevent cross-contamination of patients, instruments are sterilized through autoclaving or by using disposable equipment; suture material or xenografts also need to be sterilized beforehand. [15] Basic aseptic procedures includes hand washing, donning protective gloves, masks and gowns, and sterilizing equipment and linens. [12]
Streptococcus salivarius is a species of spherical, gram-positive, facultative anaerobic lactic acid bacteria [1] that is both catalase and oxidase negative. S. salivarius colonizes (usually in chains) the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of humans just a few hours after birth, making further exposure to the bacteria harmless in most circumstances.
An example is the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist developed for the World Health Organization and found to have a large effect on improving patient safety. [11] According to a meta-analysis after introduction of the checklist mortality dropped by 23% and all complications by 40%, but higher-quality studies are required to make the meta-analysis ...