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The Bacchae (/ ˈ b æ k iː /; Ancient Greek: Βάκχαι, Bakkhai; also known as The Bacchantes / ˈ b æ k ə n t s, b ə ˈ k æ n t s,-ˈ k ɑː n t s /) is an ancient Greek tragedy, written by the Athenian playwright Euripides during his final years in Macedonia, at the court of Archelaus I of Macedon.
Maenads were known as Bassarids, Bacchae / ˈ b æ k iː /, or Bacchantes / ˈ b æ k ə n t s, b ə ˈ k æ n t s,-ˈ k ɑː n t s / in Roman mythology after the penchant of the equivalent Roman god, Bacchus, to wear a bassaris or fox skin. Often the maenads were portrayed as inspired by Dionysus into a state of ecstatic frenzy through a ...
According to a biography written by the ancient historian Plutarch, after his defeat and death at the Battle of Carrhae in 53 BC, the head of Roman general and statesman Marcus Licinius Crassus was sent to the Parthian emperor Orodes II and used "as a prop, standing in for the head of" [3] Pentheus in a production of Euripides' The Bacchae.
There is another possible instance of omophagia in The Bacchae. At one point in the play, the maenads go into a nearby town and carry off the children; it is possible that the maenads then consumed them. In art and myth, this incident is linked to omophagia; however, Euripides may not have intended this meaning in The Bacchae. [15]
An "unspoken" sparagmos may have been the central element underlying the very genre of Greek tragedy. [1] [2] Maenads and Pentheus, House of the VettiiSparagmos (Ancient Greek: σπαραγμός, from σπαράσσω sparasso, "tear, rend, pull to pieces") is an act of rending, tearing apart, or mangling, [3] usually in a Dionysian context.
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The Apollonian and the Dionysian are philosophical and literary concepts represented by a duality between the figures of Apollo and Dionysus from Greek mythology.Its popularization is widely attributed to the work The Birth of Tragedy by Friedrich Nietzsche, though the terms had already been in use prior to this, [1] such as in the writings of poet Friedrich Hölderlin, historian Johann ...