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  2. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...

  3. List of programming languages by type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming...

    CLIST (MVS Command List) CMS EXEC; csh and tcsh (by Bill Joy UC Berkeley) DIGITAL Command Language CLI for VMS (DEC, Compaq, HP) DOS batch language (for IBM PC DOS, pre-Windows) EXEC 2; Expect (a Unix automation and test tool) fish (a Unix shell) Hamilton C shell (a C shell for Windows) ksh (a standard Unix shell, written by David Korn) Nushell ...

  4. Coroutine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coroutine

    concurrencpp - a C++20 library which provides third-party support for C++20 coroutines, in the form of awaitable-tasks and executors that run them. Boost.Coroutine - created by Oliver Kowalke, is the official released portable coroutine library of boost since version 1.53.

  5. Comparison of programming languages (syntax) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    A 'C' in column 1 indicates that this entire line is a comment. Columns 1 though 5 may contain a number which serves as a label. Columns 1 though 5 may contain a number which serves as a label.

  6. Iterator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterator

    Iterators generalize pointers to elements of an array (which indeed can be used as iterators), and their syntax is designed to resemble that of C pointer arithmetic, where the * and -> operators are used to reference the element to which the iterator points and pointer arithmetic operators like ++ are used to modify iterators in the traversal ...

  7. Filter (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filter_(higher-order_function)

    evaluates to the list 2, 4, …, 10 by applying the predicate even to every element of the list of integers 1, 2, …, 10 in that order and creating a new list of those elements for which the predicate returns the Boolean value true, thereby giving a list containing only the even members of that list. Conversely, the code example

  8. Ternary conditional operator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary_conditional_operator

    The detailed semantics of "the" ternary operator as well as its syntax differs significantly from language to language. A top level distinction from one language to another is whether the expressions permit side effects (as in most procedural languages) and whether the language provides short-circuit evaluation semantics, whereby only the selected expression is evaluated (most standard ...

  9. Observer pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer_pattern

    The observer design pattern is a behavioural pattern listed among the 23 well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns that address recurring design challenges in order to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, yielding objects that are easier to implement, change, test and reuse.