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Casing heads are the primary interface for the surface pressure control equipment, for example blowout preventers (for well drilling) or the Christmas tree (for well production). The casing head, when installed, is typically tested to very strict pressure and leak-off parameters to insure viability under blowout conditions, before any surface ...
Casing head (#27) is a large metal flange welded or screwed onto the top of the conductor pipe (also known as drive-pipe) or the casing and is used to bolt the surface equipment such as the blowout preventers (for well drilling) or the Christmas tree (oil well) (for well production).
In general well heads are five nominal ratings of wellheads: 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 (×1000) psi working pressure. They have an operating temperature range of −50 to +250 degrees Fahrenheit. They are used in conjunction with ring type seal gaskets.
Secondary oil well control is done after the Primary oil well control has failed to prevent formation fluids from entering the wellbore. This process uses "blow out preventer", a BOP, to prevent the escape of wellbore fluids from the well. As the rams and choke of the BOP remain closed, a pressure built up test is carried out and a kill mud ...
The well designer has many tools and options available to design the lower completion (downhole completion) according to the conditions of the reservoir. Typically, the lower completion is set across the productive zone using a liner hanger system, which anchors the lower completion to the production casing string.
Casing Hangers may also be suspended within the wellhead by means of radial distortion of the wellhead bore e.g. the "Pos-Grip" method. This is installed to support the individual casing strings in the well. It is the landing base or the casing head. This is usually welded or screwed to the top of the surface casing string.
The outer portions of the float shoe are made of steel and generally match the casing size and threads, although not necessarily the casing grade. The inside (including the external taper) is usually made of cement or thermoplastic, since this material must be drilled out if the well is to be deepened beyond the casing point. [2] [3]
Well control is the technique used in oil and gas operations such as drilling, well workover and well completion for maintaining the hydrostatic pressure and formation pressure to prevent the influx of formation fluids into the wellbore.