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The Helmholtz free energy is defined as [3], where . F is the Helmholtz free energy (sometimes also called A, particularly in the field of chemistry) (SI: joules, CGS: ergs),; U is the internal energy of the system (SI: joules, CGS: ergs),
The Fermi energy is a concept in quantum mechanics usually referring to the energy difference between the highest and lowest occupied single-particle states in a quantum system of non-interacting fermions at absolute zero temperature.
The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative basis of the relationship between the activation energy and the rate at which a reaction proceeds. From the equation, the activation energy can be found through the relation = / ()
Specific energy or massic energy is energy per unit mass.It is also sometimes called gravimetric energy density, which is not to be confused with energy density, which is defined as energy per unit volume.
Photon energy is often measured in electronvolts. One electronvolt (eV) is exactly 1.602 176 634 × 10 −19 J [3] or, using the atto prefix, 0.160 217 6634 aJ, in the SI system.
Nuclear binding energy in experimental physics is the minimum energy that is required to disassemble the nucleus of an atom into its constituent protons and neutrons, known collectively as nucleons.
Mass near the M87* black hole is converted into a very energetic astrophysical jet, stretching five thousand light years.. In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement.
In particle physics, the threshold energy for production of a particle is the minimum kinetic energy that must be imparted to one of a pair of particles in order for their collision to produce a given result. [1]