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GC content is found to be variable with different organisms, the process of which is envisaged to be contributed to by variation in selection, mutational bias, and biased recombination-associated DNA repair. [19] The average GC-content in human genomes ranges from 35% to 60% across 100-Kb fragments, with a mean of 41%. [20]
GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC) is the process by which the GC content of DNA increases due to gene conversion during recombination. [4] Evidence for gBGC exists for yeasts and humans and the theory has more recently been tested in other eukaryotic lineages. [6]
The actual GC content varies between species, between chromosomes, and between isochores (sections of a chromosome with like GC content). Adjusting Doležel's calculation for GC content, the theoretical variation in base pairs per picogram ranges from 977.0317 Mbp/pg for 100% GC content to 978.6005 Mbp/pg for 0% GC content (A/T being lighter ...
Given the frequency of GC two-nucleotide sequences, the number of CpG dinucleotides is much lower than would be expected. [14] A 2002 study revised the rules of CpG island prediction to exclude other GC-rich genomic sequences such as Alu repeats. Based on an extensive search on the complete sequences of human chromosomes 21 and 22, DNA regions ...
Another approach is to calculate the average interaction frequencies crossing over each bin, again within some predetermined genomic range. [29] [30] [60] The resulting value is referred to as the insulation score and can be thought of as the average of a square sliding along the diagonal of the matrix (Crane et al.). [60]
Because cytosine / guanine base-pairing is generally stronger than adenine / thymine base-pairing, the amount of cytosine and guanine in a genome is called its GC-content and can be estimated by measuring the temperature at which the genomic DNA melts. [2] Higher temperatures are associated with high GC content.
TurboMass is GC/MS software created by PerkinElmer. Universal Mass Calculator Freeware: UMC is programmed as a mass spectrometry tool to assist interpreting measurement results, mainly derived from molecular or quasi-molecular ions. It can be used for the calculation of: Mass deviation (mmu or ppm) of measured mass from given empirical formula
In humans, intergenic regions comprise about 50% of the genome, whereas this number is much less in bacteria (15%) and yeast (30%). [4]As with most other non-coding DNA, the GC-content of intergenic regions vary considerably among species.